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小贴士：
之前有发过医学研究中人种多元化存在系统性问题的文章，今天这篇更清楚地指出了造成这一问题的历史性原因。
上期翻译答案
Kruger, 45,ison Biden’s shortlist to replace retiring Justice Stephen G. Breyer, and conservative groupsare promotingKruger’s role in the case as evidence she might not protect religious rights as a Supreme Court justice.
45岁的克鲁格被拜登总统列入了接替即将退休的斯蒂芬·布雷耶大法官的最终候选名单中，而保守党团体正在大肆宣扬克鲁格在此案中担任的重要作用，并以此证明她如果担任最高法院大法官，可能不会保护宗教权力。
1.shortlist：a list of the most suitable people for a job or a prize, chosen from all the people who were first considered
2.promote：If people promote something, they help or encourage it to happen, increase, or spread
《本期内容》
导读
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在研究人员整理出人类生命第一份基因蓝图近20年后，发现人类对于基因的理解存在一种严重的、有问题的偏见：数据主要基于白人。
双语阅读
The overwhelming majority of genetic data is from people of European ancestry. As of early January, nearly 96 percent of participants across more than 5,500 studies looking for genetic variants associated with disease or other traits were of Europeandescent, according to the GWAS Diversity Monitor, a real-time online tracker developed and maintained by the Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science at the University of Oxford.
绝大多数的基因数据来自具有欧洲血统的人。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~
Those with African American or Afro-Caribbean ancestry amount to just 0.18 percent of participants; Hispanic or Latino populations just 0.23 percent. That means efforts aspiring to use DNA to identify the best treatments for any individual patient, what’s commonly known as precision medicine, are heavilyskewedtowardwhite people.
那些有非裔美国人或非裔加勒比人血统的人占所有参与者的比例仅为0.18%；西班牙裔或拉丁裔人口仅占0.23%。这意味着，希望利用DNA来为某一个体患者确定最佳治疗方法，也就是人们通常所说的精准医疗，在很大程度上是偏向于白人的。
There are many reasons behind the stark disparity. A big one, says geneticist Tshaka Cunningham, is distrust of the medical community, born from decades of exploitation and abuse: The Tuskegee Study, where white researchers for decades didn’t treat Black men with syphilis, even after penicillin proved effective against the disease. The forcedsterilizationof Black, Latina and Indigenous women that was driven by theeugenicsmovement — the damaging effects of which persist today.
造成如此显著的差距，背后的原因有很多。遗传学家查卡·坎宁安说，一个很大的问题在于对医学界的不信任，这种不信任源于几十年的剥削和虐待:塔斯基吉研究，在这项研究中白人研究者几十年来都没有对患有梅毒的黑人患者进行治疗，即使已经证明了青霉素对这种疾病有效。优生学运动迫使黑人、拉丁裔和土著妇女绝育，其破坏性影响至今仍存在。
Why is it important to have diverse participants in genetics research? One is the societal imperative for equity — and having research, and products [such as genetic tests and treatments] be broadly available for people. You don’t want to have health disparities between communities. And when it comes to genetics, genomics and precision medicine, you already see this growing divide pushed by one-sided research. Mostly Caucasian groups have been included in genomic research to date, yet the results are meant to be applied to all others too.
为什么在遗传学研究中保证参与者多元化很重要？一个是社会公平的迫切需求——让更多的人能够享受研究（结果）和产品（如基因检测和治疗）。你不会希望社区之间存在健康差异。但当涉及到遗传学、基因组学和精准医疗时，你已经可以看到片面研究正推动着分歧日益扩大。迄今为止，基因组研究把大部分高加索（白人）群体都纳入其中，但研究结果本来应该也可以适用于其他群体。
African Americans have lived through slavery. And they’ve lived through, in their own lives, any number of discriminations at the hands of the medical system. It creates systemic distrust for many from the African American community that would make them hesitant to participate in scientific studies. The Latino population may have different reasons. If you’re in the United States and you’re a recent immigrant who is not necessarilydocumented, you might not trust the establishment with your information. Or even if you are documented, you may not trust the establishment.
非裔美国人经历过奴隶制。在他们的生活中，他们经历过医疗体系带来的各种歧视。这让非裔美国人对医疗产生了系统性不信任，他们会犹豫是否要参与科学研究。拉丁裔人群（不参加科学研究）的原因可能有所不同。如果你在美国，你是一个新移民，你可能不信任机构掌握你的信息，因为你没必要被记录在案。或者，即使你被记录在案，你也可能不信任机构。
本文节选自：Science News（科学新闻）
发布时间：2022.02.09
作者：Erin Garcia de Jesús
原文标题：How one scientist aims to boost Black people’s representation in genetic datasets
词汇积累
1.descent
英 /dɪˈsɛnt/ 美 /dɪˈsɛnt/
n. 下降，降落; 斜斜面; 出身，血统; 堕落，沦落; 突然到访
2.sterilization
英 /ˌsterəlai’zeiʃən/ 美 /ˌsterəlai’zeiʃən/
n.杀菌；使不孕；无用状态
3.eugenics
英 /juːˈdʒɛnɪks/ 美 /juːˈdʒɛnɪks/
n.优生学
4.document
英 /ˈdɑkjəmənt/ 美 /ˈdɑkjəmənt/
n. 文件，文献; 证单据; (计算机)文件，文档
v. 记录，记载(详情)
词组搭配
1.skew toward 偏向
写作句总结
There are many reasons behind the stark disparity.
结构: There are many … behind the stark disparity.
这种巨大的差距背后有许多…
例句: There are many preconditions behind the stark disparity.
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